Employment coaching
Employment coaching reduces the likelihood of young people being NEET by providing practical guidance on the job application process, and on starting a new job.
Last updated: 26 August 2026Headline insights about this component based on current high-quality evidence
Employment coaching can help young people gain employment within two years of starting the programme.
The research suggests that employment coaching is likely to have a ‘low positive’ impact on ‘recent employment’ (12-24 months from the start of the intervention).
The probability of any positive impact on this outcome is around 57%, and the probability of a moderate positive impact is 27%.
Young people aged 21 and above are likely to benefit most from tailored support during the later stages of the recruitment process, compared to those aged 16 to 20 years old.
Employment coaching is highly likely to reduce young people's chance of not being NEET (not in education, employment or training).
The probability of a positive impact on NEET reduction is over 90%, a finding that is ‘well supported’ by the evidence.
The negative impact on school completion is very small, and findings for participation in school completion qualifications are more promising.
The probability of a positive effect on secondary school participation is much higher (47.9%) than for school completion (3%).
These findings may also reflect the strong focus of employment coaching on getting and sustaining employment, rather than improving educational outcomes or gaining qualifications.
Employment coaching provides young people with access to guidance and support during the job application and selection process.
Young people aged 16 and over who are unemployed, NEET, or economically inactive.
Any UK organisation — business, charity, public-sector body or social enterprise — that meets legal requirements such as:
We did not find evidence for the specific duration of the employment coaching element within multi-component interventions.
Funding may come from diverse sources or from a mixture of sources including:
Employment coaching can support individuals to:
Employment coaching can support employers to:
Calculations are based on insights from available high-quality studies on the complexity of delivery requirements and estimated associated costs.
Based on existing evidence, we’ve identified some common features that support the commissioning, design and delivery of effective youth employment programmes:
Design, fund and deliver outreach and recruitment activities that raise young people’s awareness, with targeted initiatives to reach under-represented group who are most likely to benefit.
This might include:
Discover more about risk factors associated with being NEET.
Also consider how best to identify and engage the most suitable partners and employers for a programme. Engagement should be timely and clear, in ways that raise awareness and facilitate recruitment, enrolment, and sustained engagement.
Effective programmes may use direct community outreach activities for engaging under-served groups, alongside up-to-date local and administrative data, working with public employment services, or advertising vacancies along with eligibility criteria.
Design, fund and deliver programmes that
A strong relationship between policymakers, learning providers, employers, community organisations and local skills delivery organisations including Mayoral Strategic Authorities and Local Skills Improvement Plan areas supports effective youth employment support programmes.
Design, fund and deliver programmes that
rogrammes that are highly dispersed benefit from a combination of centralised and local management structures with a project director across delivery partners to ensure consistent delivery approach across multiple sites.
Smaller scale programmes benefit from centralised management, responsible for designing programme guidelines and coordinating delivery across delivery sites within a limited geographical area.
Effective programmes may establish communities of practice across local delivery leaders or steering groups.
Support providers and delivery organisations to accurately and systematically capture and communicate data and milestones and track programme outcomes. This may include structured and standardised tracking forms, or developing realistic programme-specific performance frameworks.
For funders and commissioners – ensure recorded data, reporting and assessment captures a full range of appropriate and relevant youth employment and related outcomes to help rich understanding to ensure rich picture of what programmes do.
Encouraging reporting commonly recognised metrics allows evaluation to be easily comparable and included in the growing evidence base.
Design, fund and deliver programmes that:
| Included studies | 77 |
|---|---|
| Location(s) | High-income countries |
| Outcome | Labour force status, earnings, employment duration, hours worked, and education & skills |
| Comparator | 'Services as usual' / Business as usual |
The Youth Employment Toolkit brings together evidence from robust studies in high-income countries that:
measured the intervention’s impact against what would have happened without it
Find details of individual studies, as well as other systematic reviews of youth employment evaluations, in the Youth Employment Evidence and Gap Map.
More information about included studies can be found in page 55-60 of the full CNMA report. The specific evidence profile for employment coaching can be found on page 156.
The evidence strength ratings for employment coaching reflect the number of studies included in the meta-analysis. Studies were scored on reported design, sample size, approach to attrition, and definitions of interventions and outcome measures. More detail can be found in the technical guide.
The current evidence can be strengthened by taking a consistent approach to incorporating standardised metrics for education, employment and training outcomes as well as outcomes that indicate work quality.
Prioritise further understanding of component duration to identify typical delivery and what might be optimal for success.
If you have feedback or a question about the Toolkit, please get in touch.