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Authors

Joanna Hofman, Emily Hutton, Madeline Nightingale

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RAND Europe

Evidence and Research on Youth Employment, What Works: testing youth employment interventions  · 

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RAND Europe
Research & evaluation partner

ProgrammeEvidence and Research on Youth Employment, What Works: testing youth employment interventions

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About

RAND Europe is an independent, not-for-profit research organisation whose mission is to help improve policy and decision-making through research and analysis.

Working with Youth Futures

RAND Europe collaborates with us on research and evaluation activity.

Currently, this includes working as the lead evaluation partner for the INCLUDE impact evaluation, part of our What Works: testing youth employment interventions programme.

Summary

The report synthesises international evidence to:

  • identifiy successful initiatives that have helped reduce NEET rates, particularly among marginalised young people
  • explore key principles for effective action and systems change
  • offer recommendations for how the UK can translate these lessons into practice

It draws on:

  • comparative data analysis
  • a rapid evidence assessment
  • case studies from Australia, Denmark, France, and the Netherlands

Key insights

Countries that have successfully reduced or maintained low NEET rates share a set of core practices:

Early and sustained engagement

Read more about Early and sustained engagement

Interventions are most effective when they:

  • reach young people early
  • maintain support through transitions
  • engage young people in a relevant, personalised way

Holistic, tailored support

Read more about Holistic, tailored support

Success depends on personalisation, relevant content, and action on underlying barriers such as health conditions, insecure housing, and financial hardship.

Evidence from programmes such as France’s Youth Guarantee and Denmark’s Bridging initiatives shows that personalised, wraparound support – including mentoring, coaching, and access to services – is key to converting participation into lasting outcomes.

Employer and stakeholder involvement

Read more about Employer and stakeholder involvement

Strong partnerships between employment services, education providers, and employers create more relevant opportunities and improve labour market outcomes.

Recommendations

To address the scale and complexity of the NEET challenge, the UK must move beyond short-term pilots and fragmented provision.

The following four recommendations reflect a coherent, whole-system response grounded in international evidence and tailored to the UK context.

1. Stop the flow into NEET through multi-agency collaboration

2. Create clear and accessible career pathways in technical and vocational education and training (TVET)

3. Embed holistic, health-integrated support in employment pathways for young people who are NEET

4. Drive systems change through structured coordination, shared learning, and evaluation

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